01 -
Heat olive oil in a large heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat. Add diced onion, carrot, and celery. Cook for 5–7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until softened and translucent.
02 -
Stir in minced garlic and tomato paste. Cook, stirring constantly, for 3–4 minutes until fragrant and well incorporated.
03 -
Increase heat to medium-high. Add ground beef and break it up with a wooden spoon. Cook for 5–8 minutes, stirring, until no longer pink.
04 -
Pour in the dry red wine and stir, scraping any browned bits from the base. Let simmer for 3–5 minutes until the wine reduces slightly.
05 -
Stir in crushed tomatoes, Worcestershire sauce, Italian seasoning, and sugar. Mix thoroughly.
06 -
Bring to a gentle simmer. Reduce heat to medium-low, partially cover, and cook for 15 minutes, stirring occasionally.
07 -
Meanwhile, boil penne in generously salted water according to package directions until al dente. Drain and reserve 240 milliliters of pasta water.
08 -
After simmering, remove the lid and stir in whole milk. Season the sauce with salt and pepper as needed. Taste and adjust if necessary.
09 -
Add the cooked penne to the sauce and toss to coat thoroughly. Add reserved pasta water gradually if needed to achieve desired consistency.
10 -
Serve immediately, garnished with grated Parmesan and fresh basil or parsley.